Typical Areas Found:

Stachybotrys is often found in areas with persistent moisture, such as basements, bathrooms, and kitchens. This notorious black mold can grow on wet materials containing cellulose, like drywall, carpet, or wood.

Growth Requirements:

Stachybotrys grows optimally between 22 and 26°C, and typically requires high moisture levels, above 90% humidity. It is a slow-growing mold, but once established, it is difficult to eradicate.

Identification:

Characterized by its dark green or black color, it grows in a slimy texture, distinguishing itself from many other molds that are more powdery.

Mycotoxins Produced:

This mold produces mycotoxins called trichothecenes that are harmful when inhaled.

Health Effects:

Exposure to Stachybotrys is associated with a range of health issues, including respiratory distress, allergies, and immunosuppression. In severe cases, it can lead to neurological problems and even death.

Risk Level:

🚫🚫🚫: High Risk

Advice:

Dealing with Stachybotrys is not a DIY job; its high toxicity level makes it essential to employ professional mold remediation services. Lab tests should be conducted to confirm its presence and determine the best method for its removal.

Typical Areas Found:

Aspergillus is commonly found in indoor environments and can grow on a variety of materials, including foods, air conditioning systems, and damp or water-damaged building materials.

Growth Requirements:

Optimal growth occurs between 20 and 40°C. This mold can grow in environments with a lower water activity, making it quite versatile.

Identification:

Aspergillus is often recognized by its powdery spores and its colors can range from blue-green to yellow or black, depending on the species.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces aflatoxins, which are potent carcinogens, among other toxins.

Health Effects:

Aspergillus is capable of causing a range of health issues, including allergic reactions, lung infections, and systemic infections that can affect multiple organs.

Risk Level:

🚫🚫🚫: High Risk

Advice:

Due to its high risk to human health, Aspergillus requires immediate attention and professional removal. Lab testing is advised for accurate identification and to tailor the most effective remediation strategy.

Typical Areas Found:

Mucor is often found in soil, food, and decaying plant material but can also be found indoors, especially in HVAC systems.

Growth Requirements:

Grows optimally at temperatures between 10 and 35°C and prefers high humidity and damp conditions.

Identification:

Mucor is characterized by its fast-growing, fuzzy, cotton-like mycelium.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Mucor itself does not produce potent mycotoxins but can produce mucoric acid under certain conditions.

Health Effects:

Exposure to Mucor can lead to mucormycosis, a fungal infection that can be particularly severe in immunocompromised individuals.

Risk Level:

🚫🚫🚫: High Risk

Advice:

Mucor can rapidly proliferate, making quick action crucial. Professional mold remediation services should be contacted for accurate identification through lab testing and effective removal. 

Typical Areas Found:

Rhizopus is commonly found on foods like bread, fruits, and vegetables and can also occur in soil and decaying organic matter.

Growth Requirements:

Rhizopus grows optimally at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. It can grow in high-moisture environments.

Identification:

Rhizopus is recognized by its black spores and white mycelium, often resembling a zebra pattern.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Rhizopus itself doesn’t produce potent mycotoxins but can contribute to food spoilage.

Health Effects:

While generally less hazardous than other high-risk molds, Rhizopus can cause rhinocerebral infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Risk Level:

🚫🚫: Medium-High Risk

Advice:

If you spot Rhizopus mold, don’t attempt to remove it yourself. This mold requires professional assessment and removal, backed by thorough lab testing to confirm its identity and the appropriate remediation steps.

Typical Areas Found:

Penicillium is commonly found in soil, food, decaying organic matter, and even in indoor environments like air ducts and carpets.

Growth Requirements:

Penicillium prefers cool to moderate temperatures, thriving between 4 and 37°C, depending on the species.

Identification:

This mold typically appears in shades of blue or green and exhibits a velvety texture.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces mycotoxins such as penicillin, ochratoxin, and patulin, among others.

Health Effects:

Penicillium can cause allergic reactions and respiratory issues, and some species can lead to infections.

Risk Level:

🚫: Medium Risk

Advice:

Penicillium can be misleading due to its familiar name and seemingly harmless appearance. It is crucial to have it identified and removed by professionals, followed by lab tests for accurate analysis.

Typical Areas Found:

Alternaria is usually found outdoors in soil and plants but can also be present indoors in damp areas like bathrooms and under leaky sinks.

Growth Requirements:

It prefers warm climates and requires minimal moisture.

Identification:

Alternaria is dark green to black and has a velvety appearance.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces allergens and mycotoxins that can irritate the respiratory tract.

Health Effects:

Alternaria can lead to allergic reactions and exacerbate asthma symptoms.

Risk Level:

🚫: Medium Risk

Advice:

Exposure to Alternaria, especially in indoor environments, should be avoided. Professional mold removal services are necessary for accurate identification and effective remediation.

Typical Areas Found:

Commonly found in water-damaged buildings, Chaetomium thrives on water-damaged drywall, wallpaper, and other cellulose-based materials.

Growth Requirements:

Chaetomium grows best at temperatures between 25 and 35°C and requires high water activity.

Identification:

It has a cotton-like texture and changes color from white to gray to black over time.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces mycotoxins like Chaetoglobosins and Chaetomin, among others.

Health Effects:

Exposure to Chaetomium can lead to various infections and allergenic reactions, and it can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals.

Risk Level:

🚫🚫🚫: High Risk

Advice:

The high-risk nature of Chaetomium makes it imperative for affected areas to be inspected, tested in labs, and remediated by professionals immediately.

Typical Areas Found:

Fusarium is often found in soil and plant debris, as well as water-damaged carpets and wallpapers.

Growth Requirements:

Fusarium can grow in a broad range of temperatures but thrives best between 25 and 30°C.

Identification:

Appears in shades of white, pink, or purple, and has a wooly or cottony texture.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces toxins like fumonisin, zearalenone, and trichothecene, which are harmful to both humans and animals.

Health Effects:

Fusarium can cause skin infections, eye infections, and may also affect the immune system severely.

Risk Level:

🚫🚫: Medium-High Risk

Advice:

Fusarium poses a unique challenge due to its ability to survive in a range of temperatures. It’s essential to consult a professional mold removal service for identification and remediation, followed by independent lab testing for accurate analysis.

Typical Areas Found:

Commonly found in soil, plants, and indoor environments with high humidity like bathrooms and kitchens.

Growth Requirements:

Thrives in temperatures between 20 and 30°C and requires a moist environment.

Identification:

Appears dark brown to black with a velvety texture.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces toxins that are less commonly known but can cause allergic reactions.

Health Effects:

May lead to allergies and rarely, more serious infections like sinusitis.

Risk Level:

🚫: Medium Risk

Advice:

Despite its less harmful nature, Curvularia should not be taken lightly. Professional remediation services are essential for effective removal and to ensure the safety of your indoor environment.

Typical Areas Found:

Epicoccum is commonly found in soil, plants, and sometimes in indoor environments like damp basements.

Growth Requirements:

Grows well in a variety of conditions but prefers warm and moist environments.

Identification:

It has a dark, velvety appearance, usually appearing black or dark brown.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces epicorazine and epicoccin, which can cause allergic reactions.

Health Effects:

Generally causes mild allergic reactions but can exacerbate asthma in sensitive individuals.

Risk Level:

⚠️: Low Risk

Advice:

Even a low-risk mold like Epicoccum deserves professional attention. Ensure your home is free from all types of molds by seeking expert consultation and lab tests for precise identification.

Typical Areas Found:

Ascospores are found primarily in decomposing plant matter, soil, and occasionally in water-damaged buildings.

Growth Requirements:

They generally grow in moderate temperatures and high humidity environments.

Identification:

Appear as small, oval spores, often in a variety of colors depending on the species.

Mycotoxins Produced:

The production of mycotoxins varies widely among species, but they can cause allergic reactions.

Health Effects:

Mostly causes mild allergic reactions but could contribute to respiratory issues in people with pre-existing conditions.

Risk Level:

⚠️: Low Risk

Advice:

Despite their generally low risk, Ascospores can still contribute to a poor indoor air quality. Professional testing and removal are advised for complete remediation.

Typical Areas Found:

Basidiospores are found in wooded areas, soil, and sometimes in homes with wood-based building materials.

Growth Requirements:

They prefer damp, dark environments and grow at moderate temperatures.

Identification:

Appear as small, round spores and are typically brown or dark in color.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Rarely produce mycotoxins, but they can exacerbate asthma and allergies.

Health Effects:

Usually only cause mild allergic reactions, but prolonged exposure can be detrimental.

Risk Level:

⚠️: Low Risk

Advice:

Basidiospores might not be the worst offenders in terms of health risks, but they shouldn’t be ignored. Professional removal and laboratory testing are essential for proper remediation.

Typical Areas Found:

Geotrichum is found in soil, air, and dairy products, and may colonize in indoor spaces with high humidity.

Growth Requirements:

Prefers moderate temperatures and thrives in high-humidity environments.

Identification:

It appears as a white to grey mold with a powdery texture.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Geotrichum does not typically produce harmful mycotoxins.

Health Effects:

Could cause mild respiratory problems and skin infections.

Risk Level:

⚠️: Low Risk

Advice:

Although Geotrichum poses less of a health risk, it’s still a good idea to seek professional remediation services to ensure a safe and healthy living space.

Typical Areas Found:

Trichoderma is commonly found in soil, but can also appear in homes, particularly in damp areas like bathrooms, kitchens, and basements.

Growth Requirements:

It prefers moist, warm environments and grows rapidly in such conditions.

Identification:

Typically green, wooly, and produces a strong, musty odor.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces non-ribosomal peptides which could be harmful in large quantities.

Health Effects:

Trichoderma is a mold that requires immediate attention due to its fast growth and the potential health risks it poses. It’s essential to hire professionals for its removal and conduct lab tests to determine its exact strain.

Risk Level:

⚠️: Low Risk

Advice:

Typical Areas Found:

Commonly found in grass, soil, and plant debris, but can also appear in water-damaged buildings.

Growth Requirements:

Thrives in warm, humid conditions and grows fairly rapidly. Identification: Brown to black in color, and has a velvety texture.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces mycotoxins that can be harmful if ingested or inhaled. Health Effects: Can lead to sinusitis and other respiratory issues.

Risk Level:

🚫🚫: Medium-High Risk

Advice:

Due to its potential health risks, Bipolaris should only be removed by professionals. Lab testing is also crucial to identify the specific risks it may pose.

Typical Areas Found:

Found in wet areas, particularly those that have been damaged by water.

Growth Requirements:

Prefers wet or damp environments, grows best in moderate to warm temperatures.

Identification:

Dark green to black and has a suede-like texture.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Not generally known to produce mycotoxins.

Health Effects:

May cause allergic reactions but is generally less harmful than other types of mold.

Risk Level:

🚫: Medium Risk

Advice:

Ulocladium may not be the most dangerous mold, but its presence can exacerbate existing allergies. Professional removal and testing are advisable.

Typical Areas Found:

Commonly appears on wooden surfaces, wallpaper, and painted surfaces, especially in damp areas like bathrooms.

Growth Requirements:

Favors humid environments and moderate temperatures.

Identification:

Starts off as a pink or brown color but darkens to black over time.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Not known for producing mycotoxins in significant quantities.

Health Effects:

Exposure can lead to allergic reactions and respiratory issues.

Risk Level:

🚫: Medium Risk

Advice:

Aureobasidium is often mistaken for less harmful molds due to its initial coloring. Expert identification and remediation are critical for ensuring a safe environment.

Typical Areas Found:

This mold is often found on fabrics, carpets, and wooden surfaces. Also prevalent in outdoor environments.

Growth Requirements:

Thrives in both warm and cool climates and prefers damp conditions.

Identification:

Appears olive-green to brown or black and has a velvety texture.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Produces low levels of mycotoxins.

Health Effects:

Commonly causes allergic reactions and can trigger asthma symptoms.

Risk Level:

⚠️: Low Risk

Advice:

While Cladosporium is less risky than some other molds, it’s not something you want lingering in your home. Professional remediation and lab testing can confirm its identity and eliminate it safely.

Typical Areas Found:

Frequently found in bathrooms, basements, and other damp areas within the home.

Growth Requirements:

Prefers humid conditions and moderate to warm temperatures.

Identification:

Generally appears as pink or purple spots, sometimes turning darker over time.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Not commonly known to produce mycotoxins.

Health Effects:

Potential to cause respiratory issues, particularly in those with existing health conditions.

Risk Level:

⚠️: Low Risk

Advice:

Phoma is often overlooked due to its relatively low risk, but it can cause discomfort, especially for individuals with existing health issues. Professionals should handle its removal and testing.

Typical Areas Found:

Primarily an agricultural pathogen but can be found in homes with high organic matter like plant soil.

Growth Requirements:

Prefers moist environments and moderate temperatures.

Identification:

Presents as a white mycelium that eventually forms hard, black structures.

Mycotoxins Produced:

Not known to produce mycotoxins affecting humans.

Health Effects:

Rarely affects humans but could pose risks to plants and agriculture.

Risk Level:

✅: Minimal Risk

Advice:

Sclerotinia is more of a threat to your garden than to you. However, if it’s made its way into your home, it may indicate a moisture problem that could attract riskier molds.

Typical Areas Found:

Often found in soil, decaying matter, and sometimes in air systems.

Growth Requirements:

Can survive a wide range of temperatures and moisture levels.

Identification:

Looks like a tuft of wool and varies in color from white to different shades of green.

Mycotoxins Produced:

No significant mycotoxins known to affect humans.

Health Effects:

Not generally harmful but can cause infections in immunocompromised individuals.

Risk Level:

⚠️: Low Risk

Advice:

Scopulariopsis isn’t a high-risk mold, but its presence may indicate a broader issue with dampness or poor ventilation. Proper identification and removal are best handled by professionals.

Typical Areas Found:

Common in soil, plant debris, and occasionally in indoor environments like damp basements and bathrooms.

Growth Requirements:

Thrives in humid and damp environments and can grow at moderate to warm temperatures.

Identification:

Dark, velvety mold that varies in color from yellow to brown or black.

Mycotoxins Produced:

No known harmful mycotoxins affecting humans.

Health Effects:

Mostly an allergenic mold; can cause respiratory issues for sensitive individuals but is generally not pathogenic.

Risk Level:

⚠️: Low Risk

Advice:

Epicoccum may not be as dangerous as some other molds, but if you’re noticing it in your home, don’t underestimate it. It’s an indicator of moisture problems that could invite far more hazardous molds into your living space. Professional testing and remediation are recommended.